Science, Technology and Innovation in Iran: A Brief Review IRAN 2024
Iran, Cradle of Civilization
The Islamic Republic of Iran enjoys a rich and lavish history and boasts one of the world’s oldest civilizations. Iran is located in southwest Asia, in the Middle East and is the 18th largest country by area in the world, spanning from as far north as Armenia or Turkmenistan to as far south as the Persian Gulf. The country’s size and position have historically made it a strategic bridge for east-west and north-south trade routes which indicates its potential to be a regional hub for commerce and an attractive tourist destination.
Iran is one of the rare countries in the world which enjoys four distinctive seasons. In the north, the evergreen forests draw a parallel line to the beautiful serene waters of the Caspian Sea which makes the country’s climate most pleasant. In the south, Iran borders the Persian Gulf with gorgeous and appealing palm trees and a hot and humid climate. To the east of Iran, one can find hot desserts with running sand and starry nights. On the west, this vast land is endowed with mountains high in the sky catching the eye of every visitor.
Iran has an abundance of various tourist attractions, from the ski slopes within a short car ride of Tehran to the 2,500-year-old ruins of the Achaemenid Empire at Persepolis and the harmonious gardens of the Bagh-e-Eram Palace in Shiraz, just to name a few. Iran is home to 26 UNESCO World Heritage sites (24 cultural and 2 natural sites) -more than Greece- plus a rugged coastline on the Caspian Sea that makes it one of the best countries for hiking, 20 mountain resorts for winter sports, beaches on the Persian Gulf, and the holy shrine (Imam Reza) in Mashhad. According to the World Bank’s Iran Economic Monitor, the country’s GDP grew by 3.8 percent in 2022/23, driven by expansions in services and manufacturing. Despite sanctions, the oil sector also expanded, aided by the tighter global oil markets. It also has 88,550,570 million people in 2022. Persian is the official language and Islam is the official religion of the country.
The country has a wealth of natural resources, including the first and fourth natural gas reserves and oil reserves, respectively, with the least economic dependence on oil incomes among oil-rich countries in the MENA. Iran is well-positioned to exercise a significant influence in basic materials sectors; especially cement, stone, and steel. The country is already the top cement exporter in the world and the largest cement producer in the Middle East. Iran is a net exporter of electricity to its neighbors and has an ample mineral wealth, including large cooper, lead, and zinc reserves. Iran’s pistachios, saffron and of course caviar have brought great fame for its agriculture. It also produces a wide range of crops and is among the top five producers of eggplant, onions, and a range of fruits including quince, figs, and watermelons.
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Science, Technology and Innovation in Iran: A Brief Review IRAN 2024 (.pdf)
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